1 and Bird et al., (2011)). Unfortunately this lesson is no longer available. Overall, residents believed they coped rather well with the eruptions (Table 3). In April 2010 the ash cloud from Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano triggered the biggest aviation shutdown in Europe since World War II. Google Scholar, Mileti DS, Sorensen JH (1990) Communication of emergency public warnings: a social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment. The relatively small, homogenous population of Iceland coupled with its peoples desire to cooperate contributed to this success. Exact figures on how many people were supposed to evacuate during both phases of the eruption are not available. J Behav Med 10:481500, Wisner B, Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, peoples vulnerability, and disasters. In 2021, Iceland experienced a magnificent eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula, the land that connects Reykjavik with Keflavik International Airport.In the weeks before its explosion, tens and thousands of earthquakes shook the capital and surrounding areas - normally a surefire forecast of imminent volcanic activities. The day after the eruption we felt the ash come over here and it was completely dark. . However, 14 households were unavailable during the interview and questionnaire dissemination period, which was conducted over 10 days in August 2010. Lahars caused severe erosion to rivers. Each household was visited at least twice during the day. [My family has lived in this region as] far back as I am able to remember (S). Some questions regarding Katla were retained because the Katla hazard zones cover the same communities impacted by the Eyjafjallajkull eruptions. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 27:307316, Thordarson T, Larsen G (2007) Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history. The calls are increasing. Match. That is, based on media reports, residents deem others suffered far greater impacts than themselves and therefore consider them more vulnerable. IFRC; Posted 23 Apr 2010 Originally . Internet Explorer). We still live with ash storm when the wind is blowing (S). While we are not able to show statistically significant differences between the datasets due to the small size and slightly different nature of the 2008 dataset (e.g., it does not include respondents from Vestur-Eyjafjll and Austur-Eyjafjll), we can present some interesting observations. They are the future who should be taking over (A-E). Conducted as a more open interview than the rigorous 2010 interviews, the 2016 interviews lasted between 17 and 57min. This range is a reflection of youths and adults being registered to that household while residing in a different location to attend school or university. Sociol Theory 19:123, Article the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in In some instances, the sweepers provide the only link between emergency management officials and the community (Bird et al., 2009b), further bolstering the work of the rescue teams at the local level. To ensure this trust is maintained, officials must continually engage and work with the population of South Iceland as the regions demographic, economic and political landscape changes. The eruption of Eyjafjallajkull Composite map of the volcanic ash cloud spanning 20 March 2010. Google Scholar, Bird DK, Gsladttir G, Dominey-Howes D (2009a) Public perception of jkulhlaup hazard and risk in Iceland: implications for community education. The plume from the volcano has spread across the North Sea and dropped untold megatons of microscopic . Our analysis therefore focused on those municipalities surrounding the Eyjafjallajkull and Katla volcanoes: Mrdalshreppur (which includes Slheimar), Skaftrhreppur (which includes lftaver) and Rangring eystra (which includes Vestur- and Austur-Eyjafjll). Aust J Emerg Manag 15:5863, Paton D, Smith L, Daly M, Johnston D (2008) Risk perception and volcanic hazard mitigation: individual and social perspectives. Transcripts were analysed and coded according to the core topics of the 2010 questionnaire. Over 100,000 flights were cancelled over that week, affecting 7 million passengers, and resulting in $1.7 billion USD in lost revenue to airlines according to an analysis by Oxford Economics. Evacuation plans, based on a 2005 hazard assessment (see Gumundsson and Gylfason, 2005), were finalised during this period (Bird et al., 2011). Fissure eruptions are common and are frequently observed by NASA. Tourists arrested for entering restricted zones to take photos, Hawaii. Edward Elgar, UK, Bird DK, Gisladottir G, Dominey-Howes D (2010) Volcanic risk and tourism in southern Iceland: Implications for hazard, risk and emergency response education and training. This loss was most keenly felt in the male age group 017 years (loss of 0.72). The last eruption from E15 was in 1821 and so the volume of ash produced was expected. We never went, we behaved as we always planned to do, we just stayed at home and everything was ok (V-E). They dont seem like they are afraid or trying to get information about when the next [eruption] comes. ADS Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan EUR and NAT Regions. I found it necessary to ascend the 200-meter hight Mt. Eyjafjallajkull, Iceland - 2010 Impacts Eyjafjallajkull, Iceland - 2010 Type of Plate Boundary The volcano is situated on a constructive plate boundary between the North American and Eurasian plate . Sci. Nevertheless, officials were pleased with public response. The first alarm about the eruption in Fimmvruhls did not come to our phones. These impacts, however, were felt right across the region to lftaver. That means the 7-day shutdown of much of Europe's air traffic ordered by civil aviation authorities, which affected 10 million passengers and cost between 1.5 billion and 2.5 billion, was likely worth it. However, rather than just focusing information on the risk itself it is essential to communicate actionable risk, i.e., what actions people need to take with respect to reducing their personal risk (Drabek, 1999, Mileti et al., 2004, Wood et al., 2012). They told us they needed 2h and after 2h if they hadnt come back we would call them (O). Ascending the volcano. This paper draws on these learnings to consider future response to an evacuation order with respect to a regions recent experience of responding to evacuation orders. The computer showed it was all very quiet (O). Iceland is not big so it should be possible to teach (A-E). Currently, concentration charts have only been adopted for operational use in Europe and the North Atlantic region, as outlined in Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan EUR and NAT Regions. This resulted in massive impacts on air travel worldwide. So when it started we were more like What? As cloud-based software, Survey Monkey ensures greater access across our research team to the questionnaire and its data for use in future projects, reduces the risk of errors during data entry (when compared for example to manually entering coding into Excel) and allows an easy visualisation for crosschecking each entry to ensure accuracy. On 8 June, 1783, the young country of Iceland - inhabited for less than 1,000 years - had a population of 50,000. I would like to know the national and international responses to the Icelandic Volcano eruption earlier this year. The animals aren't as effected because the lava flow is slow enough everyone should be able to get away in time. Hazard management of the Iceland eruption They didnt know where it was erupting and therefore it was necessary (A-E). Tierney KJ, Lindell MK, Perry RW (2001) Facing the unexpected: disaster preparedness and response in the United States. On Friday, March 19, at around 8:45 p.m. local time, molten rock breached the surface in a valley near a flat-topped mountain named Fagradalsfjall, in the region of Geldingadalur, six miles from the nearest town. Average sentiment (where 1=not at all and 5=completely) in regards to respondents levels of trust in information from various sources about a future Katla eruption (n2008=19, n2010=5458). Hence, memories of a significant experience, e.g., that relating to the Eyjafjallajkull eruption, may influence peoples response to a future event, e.g., a catastrophic Katla eruption. 7 Iceland's Financial Crisis and Its Causes In October 2008, Iceland nationalized its three largest banks. Farming has traditionally been the main livelihood in Icelands South region. Map produced by rds Hgnadttir. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This volcano eruption took place in Iceland. It can be about Arop | World News, today's news, latest news, South-west Iceland is shaking and may be about to erupt - WeJan, South-west Iceland is shaking and may be about to erupt | My Adivasi, South-West Iceland's Been Hit by 17,000 Earthquakes This Week. A further 21% received news from family, friends or neighbours and 36% heard about it on the radio. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 19:117143, Gumundsson MT, Gylfason G (2005) Httumat vegna eldgosa og hlaupa fr vestanverum Mrdalsjkli og Eyjafjallajkli. Thank you for visiting nature.com. In: Fearnley CJ, Bird DK, Haynes K, Mcguire WJ, Jolly G (eds) Observing the Volcano World: Volcano Crisis Communication. Because of this, optimistic residents may be less inclined to respond to a future event. This creates many jobs for people in the tourism industry. New residents may also benefit from storytelling, involving detailed accounts from people who experienced the event. (A-E). If a volcanic eruption happens again, they will have better control over the entire air space. Based on questionnaire survey results, interviews with key stakeholders and data derived from Statistics Iceland, this paper considers how residents might respond to a future eruption by examining their experience of the 2010 Eyjafjallajkull eruptions against the changing demographic, economic and political landscape. 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