Chemically, talc is a hydrous magnesium silicate with a chemical formula of Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2. Talc has many uses in cosmetics and other personal care products. For example, it may be used to absorb moisture, to prevent caking, to make facial makeup opaque, or to improve the feel of a product. Based on the quality evaluation methods (see Materials and methods), the three studies assessing talc toxicology in animals were rated as high quality. However, considering several newer studies, combined with a more rigorous systematic review methodology, our evaluation differed from these, indicating suggestive evidence of no association. Further, the physicochemical properties of non-fibrous talc (e.g., inertness) and recent evaluations of potential MOAs indicate talc poses little to no concern for carcinogenic effects in humans, especially at less than lung overload exposures. It is used by the speech and language therapist to identify what types of questions and abstract language your child may be struggling with. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Specifically, markers of inflammation and injury were observed after intratracheal instillation of large doses of talc, exposure conditions that do not correlate with those of humans. As a result, the validity and relevance of these findings remains unclear; however, the epidemiological studies reflect potential risks associated with exposures to talcs including whatever accessory minerals and contaminants that might be present. #740-P1-8001. The talc powder contains 95% of hydrated magnesium silicate; associated minerals include chlorites (hydrated aluminum and magnesium silicates), magnesite (magnesium carbonate), Three studies (30, 43, 50) were rated high quality for the exposure characterization domain. The information gained from the assessment will be used by our speech and language therapist to create your childs unique therapy programme. DHEW (NIOSH) Pub. We conducted a systematic review to assess the potential pulmonary carcinogenicity of inhaled talc in humans. A three-fold excess of mortality due to NMRD was reported in the earliest cohort study of New York talc workers, reflecting the high concentrations of dust present in the workplace; prior to 1948, median exposures ranged from 61 to 1,196 mppcf (45). Talc: may be harmful to your lungs (difficulty breathing, scarring of the lungs) if you breathe in loose powder In sum, and based on the integration of evidence from animal experiments, mechanistic evaluations, and epidemiological studies all of reasonable methodological quality, it is unlikely that talc and cosmetic talcum powders at human-relevant exposures cause human pulmonary cancers, including lung cancer and mesothelioma. Learn More. 8. (1967) 14:6637. Kleinfeld M, Messite J, Kooyman O, Zaki MH. Emory TS, Maddox JC, Kradin RL. Prog Exp Tumor Res. Why is a Test of Abstract Language Comprehension needed? 7.2.1 Environmental media, food and drinking Absence of mesothelioma risk maintained in an expanded international cohort of cosmetic talc miners and millers. 0000013012 00000 n 0000005069 00000 n When stratified by duration of exposure, no exposure-response pattern was found (1, 48, 51). Mortality among workers at a talc mining and milling facility. 03/10/2018 18:31, I am writing this as a very concerned mum, my nearly 13 year old will be 13 in (Nov) has adhd and odd and has a statement of educational needs, He can not cope with mainstream school so i was home educating from DEC 18 until June 18 and then he started pru. Although some of the individual cohorts were small, the collective number of workers followed was substantial (6) and the cohorts were followed for many decades. 93. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2010). Get instructions and help on ordering online or from our product catalog. Numerous validity studies, including studies of the tests sensitivity and specificity, are provided. Mineralogy and Chemistry Definition and Structure The term talc has 2 meanings: (1) as a mineral, the talc corre-sponding to the chemical formula of hydrous magnesium Fiume et al 67S Raw talc ores were, We conducted a systematic review to assess the potential pulmonary carcinogenicity of inhaled talc in humans. Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Ton TV, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, et al. Tests understanding of 20 constructs four times each using different test stimuli, Each test stimuli is presented in a four picture multiple-choice format with lexical and grammatical foils, Difficulty range has been increased to effectively tap into the receptive grammar of secondary aged school children and young adults. (41) studied the same plant, but their NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report mentioned no mesothelioma. In both the talc and chrysotile exposure groups, fibrosis was observed to a similar extent, with minimal to no fibrosis observed in the air-exposed control group. All studies were screened and evaluated by two independent reviewers, and any discrepancies discussed and resolved. Br J Dis Chest. The questions follow Blanks language scheme (1978). 0000054948 00000 n Figure 1. J Occup Env Med. No. Using a lower-tier assessment approach, a small margin of exposure (MOE) of 1.5 was obtained through the comparison of the NOAEC of 2 mg/m 3 to the average This can impact certain aspects of social and academic development. Although one meta-analysis (5) reported a statistically significant meta-SMR of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.221.72) for non-asbestiform talc and lung cancer, this review included several occupational cohorts with mixed exposures to possible lung carcinogens such as silica, asbestos, and radon (miners) resulting in high heterogeneity across reported study results. Authors KM, WT, MC, and AI have been retained as expert witnesses on behalf of defendants in litigation matters in which it has been alleged that products containing talc caused mesothelioma or other cancers. In the domain of confounding control, none of the studies had data on individual smoking histories. doi: 10.1080/08958370050029725. Chem Biol Interact. To comment on this thread you need to create a Mumsnet account. (30) reported no increased lung cancer mortality among French (SMR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.761.89) and Austrian (SMR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.432.19) talc mining and processing employees (30). In male F344/N rats, there was an increased incidence of benign or malignant pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland, commonly observed in rats (21). We followed a modified version of the study quality framework used by U.S. EPA TSCA risk evaluations (11, 12). This petition was denied.15 In 2000, talc was nominated for review in the NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens because the NTP bioassay In:Dusts and Disease, Lemen R, Dement JM, , editors. Gyorik S, Erni S, Studler U, Hodek-Wuerz R, Tamm M, Chhajed PN, et al. 0000004690 00000 n Based on the quality evaluation methods, domains and quality criteria (described above and detailed for all studies in Supplementary Tables 5, 6), most of the studies assessing pulmonary cancer risk among talc miners and millers were rated medium quality. It is also useful for Neuropsychologists assessing adults with acquired language disorder. 19. The 17 occupational cohort study reports evaluated for study quality encompassed talc miners and millers in New York State (4147), Italy (1, 4851), Norway (52, 53), France and Austria (30) and Vermont (5456). Honda et al. (6), which reported an alternate pooled Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of 0.242 (90% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.0121.15) with additional follow up time but no new deaths. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664815. Inhalation of talc induces infiltration of macrophages and upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase in rats. Markers of inflammation also have been observed in the lungs of rats after talc exposure, but one of the only available mechanistic studies utilized a route of exposure (i.e., intratracheal instillation) that is not comparable to inhalation exposures. xA 04Fw\GczC. Overall, the mechanistic evidence is insufficient to support an MOA whereby talc induces pulmonary carcinogenesis. ECHA. Authors Monice M Fiume 1 , Ivan Boyer 2 , Wilma F Bergfeld 3 , Donald V Belsito 3 , Internal comparisons by exposure category showed that lung cancer mortality did not increase with increasing exposure for miners or millers. Author PB is Full Professor at the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University and Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, and Senior Scientific Advisor to ChemRisk; he has no conflicts to declare. 38. Park Forest South, IL: Pathotox Publishers, Inc (1979). Phone: +44(0)203 564 6419 0000004239 00000 n Mumsnet carries some affiliate marketing links, so if you buy something through our posts, we may get a small share of the sale (more details here). Dec., 2013. 54. The preliminary search string was as follows: (talc OR talcum powder) AND (cancer OR carcinogen OR mesothelioma). how do you think he feels? The Test of Abstract Language Comprehension is used by the speech and language therapist to assess childrens understanding of abstract language, to determine the level of difficulty. Arch Env Health. doi: 10.1016/S0015-6264(77)80317-9. Get instructions and help on ordering online or from our product catalog. However, the authors noted that these tumors were metastatic and that there were no primary neoplasms found in the respiratory system. Chang CJ, Tu YK, Chen PC, Yang HY. Front. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00122106, 36. 12. 0000015032 00000 n Lynch, H. N., Lauer, D. J, Thompson, W. J., Leleck, O. M., Freid, R. D., Collins, J., et al. Conclusion Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have conducted a screening assessment of talc. The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN Direct-reading approaches were valuable for providing detailed characterization of short duration exposures to airborne talc particles, and will be useful to support future exposure assessments of talc and other powders in consumer products. V I S U O S P A T I A L A B I L I T I E S . 41. Long-term follow-up of thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. For example, Fordyce et al. Our evaluation of reproductive tract cancers, following the same methods as the current review, to be presented in a companion manuscript (10). Methods for collecting and analysing respirable talc generated during the use of loose face powder and adult and baby dusting powders were established. : 238-877-9. Hazard conclusions were determined using the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) framework (8). find something that cuts. Eur Resp J. 5. Exposure to compounds in consumer products can be assessed using the computer program ConsExpo (Consumer Exposure). 24. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1781304, Keywords: systematic review, talc, hazard assessment, carcinogenicity, risk assessment, lung cancer, mesothelioma, Citation: Lynch HN, Lauer DJ, Thompson WJ, Leleck O, Freid RD, Collins J, Chen K, Ierardi AM, Urban AM, Cappello MA, Boffetta P and Mundt KA (2022) Systematic review of the scientific evidence of the pulmonary carcinogenicity of talc. The SMRs for the eligible cohorts ranged from 0.92 in a Norwegian cohort [] to 4.50 in a Chinese (1997) 25:15. We also identified several meta-analyses/pooled studies, two large cancer registry-based linkage studies examining cancer risks by occupational group but lacking specific information on individual exposures (32, 33), and several talc pleurodesis studies (3437). Ultrastruct Pathol. 0000001325 00000 n Wehner AP, Stuart BO, Sanders CL. Industry specifications state that cosmetic-grade talc must contain no detectable fibrous, asbestos minerals. J Occup Env Med. (2015) 34:491499. 0000018556 00000 n Our systematic review methods adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, International journal of environmental research and public health. CAS No. The tiering system allows for preferentially weighting specific quality domains (e.g., exposure characterization) first, followed by more secondary determinants of study quality. Talc was administered to both species for 6 h per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 20 exposure days at talc concentrations of 0, 2, 6, or 18 mg/m3. Exposure characterization was considered the most critical study quality domain in the quality evaluation of lung cancer studies. xref Canad Resp J. Wrote sections of manuscript: HL, KM, WT, RF, AU, AI, OL, KC, JC, and DL. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000992, 52. Across all cohort studies, observed numbers of deaths for site-specific cancers among talc miners and millers (either combined or separately) were compared with expected numbers based on national and/or regional reference rates. It also is worth noting that despite claims that some talcs and therefore some talcum powders contain trace amounts of asbestiform minerals, high occupational exposures leading to large excesses of pneumoconiosis deaths were not associated with increased mortality from lung cancer, and these studies consistently report no excess (in fact, no cases) of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Copyright 2022 Lynch, Lauer, Thompson, Leleck, Freid, Collins, Chen, Ierardi, Urban, Cappello, Boffetta and Mundt. doi: 10.1177/1091581815586797. The deposition, distribution, and elimination of inhaled talc has been investigated in animal studies. t The substance which are used to improve the appearance are comes, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, There has been renewed interest in the safety of cosmetics that may contain asbestos or other elongate mineral particles at very low levels as a naturally occurring contaminant. Webbreathing in loose talc powder may cause lung effects, such as coughing, trouble breathing, decreased lung function and fibrosis; and. Coggiola et al. In both rats and mice, 2-year inhalation exposure to talc was associated with chronic active inflammation and accumulation of macrophages in the lung (19). Occupational studies in which talc was known to contain asbestos are not included. 18. Using detailed employment histories and a job exposure matrix, cumulative talc exposures were estimated, and each cohort member was assigned a concentration of low (2.5 mg/m3), medium (10 mg/m3), or high (40 mg/m3). No statistical tests were reported in either publication. Pira E, Coggiola M, Ciocan C, Romano C, La Vecchia C, Pelucchi C, et al. A nested case-control analysis showed no association of lung cancer with increasing cumulative exposure to talc, after adjusting for smoking, exposure to quartz, and underground work (30). doi: 10.1080/02841860902913546, 34. 620 0 obj <> endobj 0000014369 00000 n (46) reported one mesothelioma (site not specified) in an electrician hired at the plant 15 years prior to his death [possibly the same case reported in (42)]. Speech and language therapy can help children develop skills to help them understand, different question types as well as provide them with strategies on how to develop their abstract language skills. Our expert speech and language therapists provide a range of services for children with eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties, alongside our professionals multidisciplinary team. Northern Italy: An updated cohort study. 43. Note that this route of administration (intratracheal instillation) produces different lung distribution patterns compared to inhalation, which limits its relevance to inhalation exposures to talc in humans. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (2021). By 132 days after exposure, there were no statistically significant differences in talc burden in the lungs of exposed vs. unexposed hamsters, indicating clearance of the particles. The mortality experience of upstate New York talc workers. (2014) 11:72. doi: 10.1186/s12989-014-0072-2, 30. (1987() 87:22234. While this does not affect the quality of the study, as discussed below, micronized talc is not used in cosmetic talcum powder products and may limit the study's generalizability for assessing risk associated with the use of cosmetic talcum powder. EC No. It is widely used in cosmetic products such as baby powder and adult body and facial powders, as well as in a number of other consumer products. hbbd```b``"CA$Cd"f@n]$},H5? 'c s xr%LD%U\C We relied most heavily on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) protocol for systematic reviews conducted under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Draft Handbook for the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (7). A speech and language therapist (frequently referred to as SALT) could carry out a full assessment using CELF which is a diagnostic tool only qualified therapists can 0000059323 00000 n doi: 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90284-5, 27. Health Hazard Evaluation Report: R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Gouverneur, NY. Some of the popular cosmetic ingredients discussed in this paper may exert a negative influence on human health, and many of these harmful effects have been discovered recently. Simplified ceiling rule and reworded items for clarity. 0000003435 00000 n 50. Am J Ind Med. Several of these publications were updates of reports based on the same cohorts. EPA. Generally, lung talc burdens of mice exposed to 18 mg/m3 were disproportionately greater than those of mice exposed to 6 mg/m3, suggesting clearance of talc from the lung was impaired in mice exposed to 18 mg/m3. No epidemiological studies were identified that assessed consumer use of talc and talcum powder products. Phone: +1 (800) 627-7271 (1982) 24:4804. Pneumologie. Consequently, half of the talc workers in the mortality study conducted by Dement et al. Our systematic review of talc and pulmonary cancers generated suggestive evidence of no association for exposure to talc and lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma. The impact of prior occupational exposure to respiratory carcinogens also was not considered in most studies. Additionally, the NTP (19) study involved the use of micronized talc, which has a smaller aerodynamic diameter than mined and milled talcs and talc used in talcum powder products. 0000014600 00000 n Mesothelioma associated with the use of cosmetic talc. Additional details of our methodology are provided in the Protocol in the Supplementary material, allowing verification and replication of our review. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. The relevance of the rat lung response to particle overload for human risk assessment: a workshop consensus report. The mortality experience of upstate New York talc talc 2 assessment in the domain of confounding,! Control, none of the talc workers blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Ton TV, Clayton NP Shockley!: 10.1186/s12989-014-0072-2, 30 2014 ) 11:72. doi: 10.1186/s12989-014-0072-2, 30, H5 to compounds in products... Mumsnet account L a B I L I T I a L a I., including studies of the studies had data on individual smoking histories our review abstract language your child may struggling..., Ton TV, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, et al associated... For collecting and analysing respirable talc generated during the use of cosmetic talc deposition! U O S P a T I a L a B I L I T I L. 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Instructions and help on ordering online or from our product catalog childs unique therapy programme, Tu,... On the same cohorts from the assessment will be used by our speech and language therapist identify... Of our review two independent reviewers talc 2 assessment and elimination of inhaled talc in humans study conducted by Dement al!: 10.1186/s12989-014-0072-2, 30 we conducted a systematic review of talc induces pulmonary carcinogenesis face powder adult... A Mumsnet account 00000 n our systematic review to assess the potential carcinogenicity... ) studied the same plant, but their NIOSH health Hazard Evaluation Report: R.T. Company... Associated with the use of cosmetic talc miners and millers that there were no primary neoplasms found in mortality.: Pathotox Publishers, Inc ( 1979 ) 10.1186/s12989-014-0072-2, 30 our speech and therapist., decreased lung function and fibrosis ; and exposure characterization was considered the most critical study quality used! Kr, Peddada SD, et al, Peddada SD, et al (... With acquired language disorder, 30 reviewers, and any discrepancies discussed and resolved, Peddada SD, et.... Vecchia C, et al is used by U.S. EPA TSCA risk evaluations ( 11, 12.!
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