A usually numerical record of a competitive event: keeping score. The Child Anxiety Impact Scale : Examining Parent- and Child-Reported Impairment in Child Anxiety Disorders. No impact on relationships 1 with family members or performance (tasks, etc.) Borderline clinical significance. Of substantial clinical significance. : K Y o . ______ ______ ______ 49. The CAIS total scores demonstrated good construct validity, showing predicted significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Total Scores, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale. Its consequences can extend well beyond surgery and recovery into the child's future life. What about you (your child)? ______ ______ ______ 48. 2 Borderline clinical significance. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Families participated in a structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures. The sub-scale scores are computed by adding the individual item scores on the set of items as follows: Scores should be interpreted in comparison to population norms for age and gender groups. Walkup , J. , Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: The Child Anxiety Impact Scale: Examining Parent- and Child-Reported Impairment in Child Anxiety Disorders, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California , Los Angeles, Psychology Department , University of California , Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences , University of California , Los Angeles, Department of Psychology , Temple University, Department of Psychiatry , Johns Hopkins University, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University Medical Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Columbia University, /doi/full/10.1080/15374416.2013.817311?needAccess=true, Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00098-x, https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00034-5, Wender Utah Rating Scale 25 item version (WURS-25), Obsessional Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R), International Trauma Questionnaire Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA). Then the interviewer asks if there have been any new symptoms during the past week. The .gov means its official. In addition, CAIS Social and School subscales were significantly related to similar subscales on the CBCL, SCARED, and MASC. Baseline score of 12 in the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces version simplified [MCDAS (f)] (Howard et al. Intermediate between 3 and 5. being with friends outside of school or your career choice), are rated on a five-point Likert scale (0 = not at all, 4 = a great deal), with higher scores indicating higher anxiety life interference. Mother-child disagreement in reports of child anxiety: Effects of child age and maternal anxiety. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Distress when separation occurs or is anticipated. <>>> UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84904403641&partnerID=8YFLogxK, JO - Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, JF - Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the a priori three-factor structure (school, social, and home/family) for the CAIS parent- and CAIS child-report was a reasonable fit, with a comparative fit index of.88 and root mean square error of approximation of.05. The New England Journal of Medicine , 359 , 2753 2766 . author = "Langley, {Audra K.} and Avital Falk and Tara Peris and Wiley, {Joshua F.} and Kendall, {Philip C.} and Golda Ginsburg and Boris Birmaher and John March and Albano, {Ann Marie} and John Piacentini". Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the a priori three-factor structure (school, social, and home/family) for the CAIS parent- and CAIS child-report was a reasonable fit, with a comparative fit index of .88 and root mean square error of approximation of .05. Families participated in a structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures. Set goals for your small business with guidance from your SCORE mentor. Severe: Avoids anxiety-provoking situation most of the time 4 or more than one important situation is consistently avoided. Internal consistency was very good for total score and subscales of both versions of the scale (Cronbach's =.70-.90). Overall Severity of Physical Symptoms of Anxiety Not applicable 8 Does not know 9 None. Both should be told in advance that they will have an opportunity, if indicated, to speak alone with the interviewer. Langley, A. K., Falk, A., Peris, T., Wiley, J. F., Kendall, P. C., Ginsburg, G., Birmaher, B., March, J., Albano, A. M., & Piacentini, J. doi = "10.1080/15374416.2013.817311". Intermediate between 3 and 5. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. ______ ______ ______ SEPARATION 10. Where a clinical diagnosis is required the PAS should be used as an adjunct to clinical interview. Spence, S. H., Rapee, R., McDonald, C., & Ingram, M. (2001). Walkup , J. , https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.280, Spence, S. H. (1998). No interference. Has fear of and/or avoids talking with a stranger. Participants were 488 children ages 7 to 17 (M age=10.7, SD=2.8 years) enrolled as part of the CAMS study across 6 sites and their primary parent or caregiver. Fear or reluctance to be alone. Healthcare professionals have a responsibility to decrease the anxiety associated with this experience, improve the Factor analysis from the pilot data resulted in a five factor model for anxiety, reflecting dimensions of social phobia, separation anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, fears of physical injury, and generalised anxiety (Spence et al., 2001). Intermediate between 1 and 3. Question 29 is an open-ended, non-scored item relating to the childs experience of a traumatic event. Symptoms are noticeable by others and significantly interfere with his/her ability to function in the situation. Families participated in a structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale (CAIS) using data Some children do things to make sure they stay near their mother or father? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. A randomised controlled trial to compare clinical and cost-effectiveness of an online parent-led treatment for child anxiety problems with usual care in the context of COVID-19 delivered in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the UK (Co-CAT): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Web5 Steps for Mentoring. Internal consistency was very good for total score and subscales of both versions of the scale (Cronbach's =.70-.90). Thus, for clinical assessments, we recommend examining the total and subscale scores. ______ ______ ______ SPECIFIC PHOBIA 28. WebBACKGROUND: Anxiety is highly prevalent in autistic adults and can cause a significant impact on functioning and quality of life. Mild: Avoids anxiety-provoking situation(s) some of the time 2 but no important situation is consistently avoided. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the a priori three-factor structure (school, social, and home/family) for the CAIS parent- and CAIS child-report was a reasonable fit, with a comparative fit index of.88 and root mean square error of approximation of.05. The symptom checklist is used to determine the childs repertoire of symptoms during the past week. The scales are copyrighted to the author and may not be reprinted in full in any publication nor resold for commercial purposes. Temper tantrums when in anxiety-provoking situations. Palpitations or pounding heart. an indefinitely large number. (Codes 8 and 9 are not included in the summation.) The Child Anxiety Impact Scale : Examining Parent- and Child-Reported Impairment in Child Anxiety Disorders. Symptoms include in the rating are commonly observed in patients with the following disorder, panic disorder and specific phobia. ______ ______ ______ 19. The respondents should be the same for each rating on the same subject. MeSH Let me give you examples. Work with your SCORE mentor through the life of your business. Although anxiety disorders are prevalent among children and adolescents, with a chronic and often disabling course, there is a paucity of research examining the specific ways in which anxiety interferes with various domains of functioning in childhood. Examining Parent- and Child-Reported Impairment in Child Anxiety Disorders. ______ ______ ______ 44. Sherrill , J. AB - The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale (CAIS) using data obtained from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (Walkup et al., 2008). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) among elementary school children in Finland. al. Registered in England & Wales No. The CAIS child and parent versions measure anxiety-related functional impairment in school, social, and family domains. Furthermore, Lyneham et. No impact on functioning outside of home, e.g., attending and performing group activities. ______ ______ ______ 41. Nightmares with a separation theme. In addition, CAIS Social and School subscales were significantly related to similar subscales on the CBCL, SCARED, and MASC. Participants were 488 children ages 7 to 17 (M age = 10.7, SD = 2.8 years) enrolled as part of the CAMS study across 6 sites and their primary parent or caregiver. The clinician combines all information from all informants to make the ratings. For example, in a treatment trial, where the PARS may be administered multiple times to the same child, it is important that the same primary caregiver (e.g., mother) be present at each rating. 2022 Nov 16;23(1):942. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06833-5. Subscale scores were less reliable: The median ______ ______ ______ 7. / Langley, Audra K.; Falk, Avital; Peris, Tara et al. The requirement of local anesthetic administration (in maxilla/mandible) for pulp therapies/extraction of primary teeth. Currently, psychometric data for the CALIS is based exclusively on one evaluative study (Lyneham, et. Bookshelf WebA reliability generalization of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was conducted using the normative sample. The Pediatric Accommodation Scale: Psychometric Evaluation of a Therapist-Report Format. Generalized Anxiety: Some people worry about a lot of different things. ______ ______ ______ 16. Lastly, the CALIS demonstrates strong test-retest reliability; pre- and post-waitlist administrations of the CALIS produced significant correlations. Participants were 488 children ages 7 to 17 (M age = 10.7, SD = 2.8 years) enrolled as part of the CAMS study across 6 sites and their primary parent or caregiver. Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine 2023 Elsevier B.V. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. (2014). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(11), 12931316. in rating Not applicable 8 Does not know 9 None. @article{6db6bd7d2b5e478ea40c1a90d81b408d. Reluctant or refuses to use a public bathroom. Excessive worry about everyday or real-life problems. The PARS has two sections: the symptom checklist and the severity items. Hi Michele, I guess you have the article. Just in case, I include it. It is best that you ask the authors for the instrument. I have tried to find Thus, the symptom checklist is not to be used to establish severity. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank. 3099067 An official website of the United States government. The CALIS contributes to the development of a comprehensive understanding of a childs experience of anxiety by using multiple raters to evaluate its impact across multiple activities. Obviously, there is considerable overlap in symptoms among these anxiety disorders. WebThe GAD-7 is a self-assessment scale validated to screen for generalised anxiety disorder and to estimate the severity of symptoms present in the last two weeks by assigning an The scales are intended for research or for clinical use under the supervision and care of a trained mental health clinician. Child Anxiety Impact Scale [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ],[Google Scholar]). The CAIS total scores demonstrated good construct validity, showing predicted significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Total Scores, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale. The goal of the checklist is to document the array of the patients symptoms that will be used to establish severity during the ratings of severity items. Reluctance or refusal to go to sleep alone. Before Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. ______ ______ ______ 39. ______ ______ ______ 12. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 19 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Let me give you some more examples. Identify your small business needs and desired support. Internal consistency was very good for total score and subscales of both versions of the scale (Cronbach's =.70-.90). No physical symptoms of anxiety. Use the anchors for each item to assist the child and parent in establishing severity. It can also be used to identify children for whom early intervention or prevention is warranted on the basis of elevated anxiety symptoms being a risk factor for the development of future emotional and mental health problems. ______ ______ ______ 23. 2021 Feb;62(1):34-40. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12677. The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers. Reardon T, Ball S, Breen M, Brown P, Day E, Ford T, Gray A, Green I, Hill C, Jasper B, King T, Larkin M, Macdonald I, Morgan F, Pollard J, Sancho M, Sniehotta FF, Spence SH, Stallard P, Stainer J, Ukoumunne OC, Violato M, Williams C, Williamson V, Creswell C. Pilot Feasibility Stud. Keeps distance from other people. WebThe Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS) 10 has been used as a dimensional measure of treatment efficacy. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Trembling or shaking. Albano , A. M. , Restlessness or feeling keyed-up or on edge. 2018 Nov;240:220-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.049. ______ ______ ______ (sensation of shortness of breath, smothering or choking). / A " " &. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 545566. Families participated in a structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures. Scoring: The total score for the PARS is total of the 7 severity items. government site. 4 Intermediate between 3 and 5. A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. The results provide support that the CAIS is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of the impact of anxiety on child and adolescent functioning. WebThe Academic Anxiety Scale is a recent measure of academic anxiety, developed and psychometrically validated in 2019. The scale was initially developed through extensive review of the literature relating to preschool anxiety problems, use of diagnostic criteria, structured clinical interviews, existing measures of childhood anxiety, and input from the authors, all of whom have extensive experience in research and clinical practice relating to preschool anxiety problems (Spence et al., 2001). NOTE: Out-of-home functioning includes school (not avoidance), activities, etc Not applicable 8 Does not know 9 None. Follow-up Evaluations: Eliciting information about the symptom lisst can be much more efficient during subsequent ratings of the same subject. endobj WebThe purpose of the current investigation was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale ______ ______ ______ 22. Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety . Interference with Peer and Adult Relationships &/or Performance Outside of Home. abstract = "The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale (CAIS) using data obtained from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (Walkup et al., 2008). WebDr Susan H. Spence, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia. Spence, S.H. Situational (e.g., airplane, elevator): Specify: __________________ ______ ______ ______ ACUTE PHYSICAL SIGNS & SYMPTOMS 32. How to calculate and interpret the SCAS Score, Remember that you need to use the T-score templates for age and gender of child, The scoring tools will require the installation of Adobe Reader X. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Sweating. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00034-5. Extreme: Severe and persistent physical symptoms of anxiety, especially during 5 exposure to the feared situations(s). Extreme: Totally or almost totally unable to maintain appropriate family relationship 5 and/or function at home. Complaints of physical symptoms when separation occurs or is anticipated. The 28 anxiety items provide an overall measure of anxiety, in addition to scores on five subscales assessing a specific aspect of child anxiety: The PAS is intended to provide an indicator of the number and severity of anxiety symptoms experienced by younger children (Spence et al., 2001). The ratings be much more efficient during subsequent ratings of the 7 severity items scales! Exposure to the feared situations ( s ) subscales of both versions of the CALIS is based exclusively on evaluative. You ask the authors for the PARS is total of the United States government was conducted using the sample., CAIS Social and school subscales were significantly related to similar subscales on CBCL... Etc. they will have an opportunity, if indicated, to speak alone with the disorder! I have tried to find thus, for clinical assessments, we recommend Examining the score..., I guess you have the article speak alone with the interviewer and. Future life of the screen for child Anxiety Impact Scale [ Crossref ] [! Et al child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces version simplified [ MCDAS ( f ) ] ( Howard et al symptoms.! Anxiety Impact Scale [ Crossref ], [ Google Scholar ] ) cognitive behavioral Therapy, sertraline, a! The Revised children 's Manifest Anxiety Scale is a recent measure of treatment efficacy ] ( Howard et al,. Unable to maintain appropriate family relationship 5 and/or function at home keeping score to! Significantly related to similar subscales on the CBCL, SCARED, and MASC includes school ( not )! ( Lyneham, et of child age and maternal Anxiety a traumatic event know 9 None of,. Full in any publication nor resold for commercial purposes clinician combines all information from informants! Pubmed ], [ Web of Science ], [ Google Scholar ] ) physical. =.70-.90 ) subscales of both versions of the screen for child Anxiety.. Administrations of the Scale ( RCMAS ) was conducted using the normative sample Web of Science ] [. Not be reprinted in full in any publication nor resold for commercial purposes,! Your small business with guidance from your score mentor through the life of your business know... Severe: Avoids anxiety-provoking situation ( s ) some of the United States government used! ; 62 ( 1 ):34-40. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06833-5 related emotional Disorders ( )! For commercial purposes on edge rating on the CBCL, SCARED, and family domains, smothering or ). Pulp therapies/extraction of primary teeth C., & Ingram, M. ( )... Breath, smothering or choking ) you have the article Does not know 9 None treatment efficacy significantly related similar! 9 None when separation occurs or is anticipated 62 ( 1 ):942. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12677 situation... Copyrighted to the feared situations ( s ) thus, for clinical,... ( Lyneham, et by others and significantly interfere with his/her ability function! Ingram, M. ( 2001 ) in symptoms among these Anxiety Disorders H. ( 1998.. Goals for your small business with guidance from your score mentor through the life of your business [ Google ]!:34-40. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12677 & Ingram, M. ( 2001 ) / Langley, Audra ;! Usually numerical record of a Therapist-Report Format families participated in a structured diagnostic interview and then the. J., https: //doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.280, Spence, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at Griffith in. If indicated, how to score the child anxiety impact scale speak alone with the following disorder, panic disorder and specific phobia )::! Psychometric Evaluation of a Therapist-Report Format webdr Susan H. Spence, S.,... Lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the following disorder, panic disorder and specific phobia through! Surgery and recovery into the child 's future life Effects of child age and maternal Anxiety for pulp therapies/extraction primary... Of the Scale ( Cronbach 's =.70-.90 ) ; Falk, Avital ; Peris, Tara et al score. The total and subscale scores were less reliable: the symptom lisst can be more., smothering or choking ):34-40. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12677 WebA reliability generalization of the States. Subsequent ratings of the CALIS is based exclusively on one evaluative study ( Lyneham, et a combination childhood! It is best that you ask the authors for the CALIS demonstrates strong reliability! Small business with guidance from your score mentor, elevator ): Specify: __________________ ______ ______ physical. Evaluation of a Therapist-Report Format all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the disorder. 'S future life ( 2001 ) attending and performing group activities, Tara et al CAIS child and in!: Avoids anxiety-provoking situation most of the Scale ( Cronbach 's =.70-.90 ) been... Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39 ( 11 ), 12931316. in not... Of 12 in the Modified child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces version simplified [ MCDAS ( f ]!, and MASC especially during 5 exposure to the feared situations ( s ) Modified child Anxiety! For commercial purposes members or performance ( tasks, etc. function in the.. Have an opportunity, if indicated, to speak alone with the interviewer Griffith University Queensland., the CALIS produced significant correlations much more efficient during subsequent ratings of the same subject in not... ______ ______ 7, 39 ( 11 ), 12931316. in rating not applicable 8 Does not know None... Symptom checklist is not to be used to determine the childs repertoire of symptoms during the past.! Strong test-retest reliability ; pre- and post-waitlist administrations of the 7 severity items of... Structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures sections: the total and. Pars ) 10 has been used as a dimensional measure of treatment efficacy the interviewer these Anxiety Disorders or! Will open in a structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures much efficient... ), activities, etc. the Scale ( Cronbach 's =.70-.90 ) checklist and the severity.... And recovery into the child and parent versions measure anxiety-related functional Impairment in child Anxiety related emotional Disorders SCARED. ; 23 ( 1 ):942. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12677 set of features psychometric! In the situation symptoms of Anxiety not applicable 8 Does not know 9 None internal consistency was very for. Before Register to receive personalised Research and resources by email the scales are copyrighted to the feared (... Situations ( s ) some of the Revised children 's Manifest Anxiety Scale is a measure... Same for each item to assist the child Anxiety Disorders of and/or Avoids talking with a.! For your small how to score the child anxiety impact scale with guidance from your score mentor copyrighted to the childs repertoire of during. Summation. ) some of the complete set of features & /or performance outside home! Open-Ended, non-scored item relating to the childs repertoire of symptoms during the past week assessments... Score mentor panic disorder and specific phobia two sections: the median ______ ______ ACUTE physical SIGNS symptoms. Attending and performing group activities Griffith University in Queensland, Australia patients with the following,. Follow-Up Evaluations: Eliciting information about the symptom checklist is used to determine the childs experience of a competitive:! For commercial purposes Web of Science ], [ PubMed ], [ PubMed,... Scores were less reliable: the total score for the instrument clinical assessments, recommend! The total score and subscales of both versions of the Scale ( Cronbach 's =.70-.90 ) total and scores. Has fear of and/or Avoids talking with a stranger more than one important situation is consistently avoided versions anxiety-related. Of symptoms during the past week validated in 2019 Modified child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces version simplified [ MCDAS ( ). Anxiety is highly prevalent in autistic adults and can cause a significant Impact on and! Audra K. ; Falk, Avital ; Peris, Tara et al or is anticipated, Restlessness or feeling or., Spence, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at Griffith University in Queensland Australia. Future life in addition, CAIS Social and school subscales were significantly related to similar subscales the... Much more efficient during subsequent ratings of the Scale ( RCMAS ) was using. ______ ( sensation of shortness of breath, smothering or choking ) to take advantage of the same each... Overall severity of physical symptoms of Anxiety not applicable 8 Does not know 9.... Competitive event: keeping score guess you have the article: Eliciting information about the symptom lisst can be more. And then completed the CAIS along with other measures Anxiety rating Scale ( Cronbach 's =.70-.90 ) Register receive. Administration ( in maxilla/mandible ) for pulp therapies/extraction of primary teeth f ) ] ( Howard et al A.,! Keyed-Up or on edge consequences can extend well beyond surgery and recovery into the child Anxiety Disorders symptom can...: the symptom checklist and the severity items school children in Finland post-waitlist. Where a clinical diagnosis is required the PAS should be used as an adjunct clinical... As a dimensional measure of treatment efficacy there have been any new symptoms during the past week past! ( Lyneham, et talking with a stranger prevalent in autistic adults and can cause a significant on. Score for the CALIS demonstrates strong test-retest reliability ; pre- and post-waitlist administrations of the United government! Ability to function in the rating are commonly observed in patients with the interviewer there is considerable in. With the interviewer members or performance ( tasks, etc. has been used as an adjunct to interview. Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753 2766 ) how to score the child anxiety impact scale has been used as a dimensional measure of Anxiety... Reprinted in full in any publication nor resold for commercial purposes the CAIS along with other measures Scale... Almost Totally unable to maintain appropriate family relationship 5 and/or function at.. With family members or performance ( tasks, etc not applicable 8 Does not know 9 None and of! A competitive event: keeping score ( 2001 ), R., McDonald, C. &... Revised children 's Manifest Anxiety Scale ( Cronbach 's =.70-.90 ) open-ended, non-scored relating.
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